Friday, 17 February 2017

The tree that kills birds

I spend a lot of my time on trains and prefer reading books to the newspapers. Last night I was enjoying a section on how some flowering plants disperse their seeds using animals:
 "Perhaps the most one-sided relationship of all is that which sometimes occurs with the Pisonia tree. This grows on coral islands, in almost pure sand; it has a very sticky fruit and if this becomes attached to a relatively small bird, like a noddy tern, the bird may be unable to free itself and dies, so providing the seedling with excellent compost to start its growth in the barren habitat."1
A tropical shearwater in trouble. The seeds can also kill white and noddy terns. Source: https://seychellesseabirdgroup.wordpress.com/2013/06/02/pisonia-grandisa-grand-problem/
It was so interesting I missed my stop and had to take another train back again.

I looked the story up today. It's true that the sticky seeds can kill birds, sometimes in unsustainable numbers. But someone pointed out that this might not actually benefit the tree: 
"according to current research in the Seychelles Island of Cousins... the germination of the pisonia seeds is not facilitated by being within the carcass of a seabird"2.
 
As a reference, they link to a page by the Seychelles Bird Group3 which in turn (tern) references one unpublished report and two papers. I've looked at the papers, and one mentioned that another paper discussed noddy terns and Pisonia seed dispersal, but I looked that up too and can see nothing about germination in carcasses. So whether the seeds' deadliness is beneficial to the tree or effectively accidental is still a mystery.

References 
1 The Story Of Life. Richard Southwood, Oxford University Press
2 http://neotrigonia.blogspot.co.uk/2016/01/the-bird-killing-tree-of-great-barrier.html
3 https://seychellesseabirdgroup.wordpress.com/2013/06/02/pisonia-grandisa-grand-problem/

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